Introduction: Dairy Technology deals with all methods of handling milk from production and consumption and includes processing, packaging, storage, transport and physical distribution. Based on the sciences of biochemistry, bacteriology, and nutrition, Dairy Technology employs the principles of engineering. Its objectives are to prevent spoilage, improve quality, increase shelf-life, and make milk palatable and safe for human consumption.
The foundation of Anand Milk Union Ltd, better known by its acronym AMUL, in 1946 led to the development of the dairy industry and gave momentum to education in dairying. Before that, there was not even a single college offering exclusive graduate degree program in dairying. Traditionally it was the part of veterinary and animal husbandry courses. The first dairy science college was established at the National Dairy Research Institute in Karnal (Haryana) which now offers diploma, undergraduate and postgraduate courses in dairy technology.
Educational Opportunities: At present, there are eleven dairy science colleges which offer first degree level courses leading to BTech (Dairy Technology) of BSc (Dairy Technology). Of these, National Dairy Research Institute (Karnal and Bangalore) and the Sheth MC College of Dairy Science (Anand) have been identified as centres of excellence. The Karnal and Anand colleges have established modern commercial dairies with the financial support of National Dairy Development Board (NDDB). An automated dairy plant having a capacity of one lakh litres named Vidya Dairy became operational at the Dairy Science College, Anand in 1994. All operations in this dairy are carried out by students under the supervision of dairy staff and teachers.
The Bachelor's degree course is of four-year duration. The eligibility requirement is a pass in 10+2 with physics, chemistry and mathematics. In most of the States the admission is made on the basis of entrance test common to other agricultural and animal science courses. There are also diploma level courses in the subject. Three well-known diploma courses leading to Indian Dairy Diploma (IDD), are offered by the Dairy Science Institute (Aaray, Mumbai), Allahabad Agricultural Institute, and the State Institute of Dairying (Haringhata, West Bengal)., NDRI (Bangalore) has a National Dairy Diploma (NDD) course of two-year duration. Many general universities now offer dairy science as vocational subject at the BSc level. Dairying is also available as a vocational subject for the 10+2 level education.
Master's degree courses in dairy science and dairy technology are offered by 17 institutions which include several agricultural colleges, colleges of veterinary science and animal husbandry. The nomenclature of the awards varies viz., MSc (Dairy Science), MVSc (in Animal Husbandry and Dairying). Admission to postgraduate programs in such disciplines as Dairy Chemistry, Dairy Microbiology. Quality Control is also offered by Dairy Science Colleges at Karnal and Anand which are also open to general science graduates. In the Indian Institute of Technology (Kharagpur), Dairy Engineering is offered as part of BTech (Hons) in Agricultural and Food Engineering and MTech in Dairy and Food Engineering besides PhD in Dairy Engineering and Dairy Technology. Six universities have introduced PhD courses. Annexure 1 gives a comprehensive list of institutions offering courses at different levels.
Career Opportunities: The establishment in 1965 of the National Dairy Development Board (NDDB) and the promotion of the "Operation Flood" scheme by it, gave a great fillip to the dairy industry in India. The spectacular growth of the dairy industry in the last two decades had created various demands for indigenous production of dairy equipment, increased quality standards and production of varieties of milk products. These has resulted in the progressive development of dairy equipment manufacturing industry and technical consultancy organisations and have also given impetus to research and teaching. Such notable expansion of the dairy processing and related industries has opened up vast career opportunities for dairy technologists and engineers.
There are now more than 400 dairy plants in the country making various types of milk products. They need good qualified and well trained personnel to run the plants efficiently. The growth of the dairy processing industry has also encouraged the indigenization of dairy equipment. Most requirements of the dairy industry are now met indigenously. Presently, there are over 170 dairy equipment manufacturers. Many of them undertake turnkey jobs. The industry has two distinct kinds of jobs: (1) equipment design and fabrication and plant design; and (2) project execution. These jobs can be performed by a dairy technologist with an aptitude in engineering.
The dairy technologists can also undertake consultancy work. A successful consultant, however, needs several years of working experience in dairy firms to understand the nitty gritty of the work. Besides opportunities for teaching and research, dairy technologists can start their own enterprises such as small-scale milk plants, creamery, and ice-cream units. Dairy India (A – 25 Priydarshini Vihar, Delhi 110092) is an excellent source of information about dairy education and industry. It is frequently updated.
List of Institutions:
- Archarya N.G.Ranga Agricultural University, College of Veterinary Science (Dairy Technology Programme), Tirupati - 517 502
- Allahabad Agricultural Institute, Allahabad - 211 007
- Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University, Rajendra Nagar, Hyderabad - 500 030
- Dairy Science Institute, Asrey Milk Colony, (Government of Maharashtra), Mumbai - 400 064
- Dr.Panjabrao Deshmuk Krishi Vidyapeeth, College of Dairy Technology, Warud (Pasad), PostMoha - 445 204
- Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, College of Agricultural Engineering, Adhartal, Jabalpur – 4
- Kerala Agricultural University, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthi, Thrissur
- National Dairy Research Institute, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Karnal - 132 001
- National Dairy Research Institute, Southern Regional Station, Bangalore
- Rajasthan Agricultural University, College of Dairy Science, Udaipur - 313 001
- Sanjay Gandhi Institute of Dairy Technology, Lohianagar, Patna - 800 020
- Sheth M.C. College of Dairy Science, Anand Campus, Anand - 388 110
- University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore Dairy Science College, Hebbal, Bangalore - 560 024
- West Bengal University of Animal & Fishery Sciences, Faculty of Dairy Technology, Mohanpur Campus, PO Krishi Vishwavidyalaya - 741 252
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