It is not easy to precisely define the boundary of chemical sciences (or simply chemistry), because the discipline lies along the spectrum between physics on the one hand and biology on the other. It overlaps and permeates both of these sciences to such an extent that at the interface there is in fact, no clear distinction between them. An idea about the vastness of the subject can be had from the contents pages of the Chemical Abstracts (1907), the world's most complete guide to chemical literature published by the American Chemical Society.
Its 80 sections are arranged in five broad groupings labeled as Biochemistry (Sections 1-20), Organic Chemistry (21-34), Macromolecular Chemistry (35-46), Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering (47-64), Physical, Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry (65-80). Such hybrid names as medicinal chemistry, biochemistry, agricultural chemistry, environmental chemistry, geochemistry, fuel chemistry, petroleum chemistry attest to the wide spread usefulness of chemistry and its close links with other fields of sciences and applied technology. Nevertheless, chemistry may be defined as a subject who is concerned with synthesis, prosperities and reaction of molecules (i.e., the combination of atoms) and the chemistry is the most utilitarian of all sciences which has lent its name to a major segment of the manufacturing industry called chemical industry.
Of all the sciences, it has the closest link to the world of economics and business. It is only in recent times that electronics have found their way into this regime. The application of chemistry for productive purposes has given rise to an engineering discipline called Chemical Engineering. To begin with, it was described as a branch of applied chemistry, because it looked into the special needs of large scale manufacturing of chemical products. Later, it developed into a distinct and unified discipline drawing upon the principles of chemistry, physics, mathematics and mechanical and electrical engineering discipline with roots in chemistry.
As a subject of study, Applied Chemistry (or its variant form, Industrial Chemistry) is taught in the Science Faculties of universities. Chemical Engineering and Chemical Technology, on the other hand, are dealt with in the Engineering Faculties. This explains the interchangeable award nomenclatures – viz., Bachelor of Engineering (BE) and Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech).
Educational Opportunities:
Chemistry as one of the subjects is offered at the B.Sc. level. Many universities also offer B.Sc. honors degree in chemistry. A small number of universities, in addition to chemistry as a general subject, have introduced several sub-fields of chemistry, such as Agrochemical, Textile Chemistry and Geochemistry as one of the combinations at the B.Sc level. In Tamil Nadu several colleges, which have introduced Application Oriented Courses within the curriculum structure of B.Sc, offers as many as six sub-fields of chemistry as combinations – viz., Agricultural Chemistry, Environmental Chemistry, Industrial Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Biochemistry, Dye Chemistry and Polymer Chemistry. Students may opt for not more than two of these subjects.
At the postgraduate level, more than two of these subjects. Indian Institutes of Technology at Chennai, Delhi, Kanpur and Mumbai offer Chemistry. The Pondicheri University has introduced a five-year integrated M.Sc programme in sciences open to 10+2 passed candidates. First five semesters are common for all the three subjects, viz., Chemistry, Physics and Mathematics. Students can then opt for one of the subjects for the subsequent six semesters. Besides, a number of universities have introduced at the postgraduate level such specialized courses as Analytical Chemistry, Applied Chemistry, Environmental Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry.
Postgraduate diplomas of one-year duration in related subjects are offered by some universities, e.g., Analytical Chemistry – SNDT Women's University (Mumbai), University of Mumbai; Industrial Chemistry – University of Pune, Sardar patel University (Gujarat), Textile Chemistry-Jai Narain Vyas University (Jodhpur), MS University of Baroda.
Pre-doctoral and doctoral courses are available in most of the universities which offer M.Sc (Chemistry) course. Indian Institute of Science (Bangalore) has an integrated PhD programme in Chemical Science. Candidates possessing B.Sc degree with chemistry or biochemistry as one of the subjects at the B.Sc level and mathematics or chemistry or physics at the 10+2 level are eligible for the course.
A number of research institutions including those under the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), such as, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (Hyderabad), National Chemical Laboratory (Pune), Central Leather Research Institute (Chennai) are recognized university centers for pursuing doctoral research. Candidates possessing valid UGC-CSIR NET scores can take advantage of this facility as Junior Research Fellows.
Career Opportunities:
Chemistry considered as the "mother" science offers a wide range of career opportunities in such diverse areas as teaching, research, chemical and related industries, consultancy and entrepreneurship. Entering the teaching profession needs valid UGC-CSIR NET score or State Level Eligibility Test (SLET) score. As stated earlier, UGC-CSIR NET score is also a passport to research career although those who do not need such financial supports can also pursue research work. Persons with industrial experience can either opt for consultancy, advising others on how to set up chemical industries or can they enter into the venture.
List of Institutions in India offering Chemical Sciences
- Analytical Chemistry
Dr Bhim Rao Ambedkar University, Agra-282004
Gulbarga University, Gulbarga-585106
Karnataka University, Dharvar-580003
University of Madras, Chennai-600005
University of Mumbai, Mumbai-400032
Northern Maharashtra University, Jalgaon-425001
Sardar University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat-388120
Shivaji University, Kolhapur-416004. - Applied Chemistry
Andhra University, Visakhapatnam-530003
Avinashlingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore-641041
Barkatulla University, Bhopal-462026
Bharathiar University, Tiruchirapally-620024
Cochin University of Science & Technology, Kochi-682022
University of Delhi, Delhi-110007
Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, Indore-452001
Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar-143005
Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad-500028
Jiwaji University, Gwalior-474011
M S University of Baroda, Vododara-390002
North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon-425001
Osmania University, Hyderabad-500007. - Dairy Chemistry
Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner-334002. - Electrochemistry
Alagappa University, Karaikudi-623003. - Industrial Chemistry
Alagappa University, Karikudi-630003
University of Delhi, Delhi-110007
Dr Babasahheb Ambedkar Marathawada University, Aurangabad-431004
Dr B R Ambedkar University, Agra-282004
Guru Jambeshwar University, Hissar
Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar-143005
Kakatiya University, Warangal-506009
Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra-132119
Madras University, Chennai-600005
Mahatma Gandhi Chitrkoot Gramodaya Vishwavidyalaya, Chitrakoot-485331
North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon-425001
Osmania University, Hyderabad-500007
University of Pune, Pune-411007
Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat-388120
Shivaji University, Kolhapur-41600
Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded-431603
Vikram University, Ujjain-456010. - Inorganic Chemistry
Gulbarga University, Gulbarga-585106
Karnataka University, Dhanwar-58003
University of Madras, Chennai-600005
University of Mumbai, Mumbai-400032
North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon-425001
Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat-388120. - Medicinal Chemistry
Osmania University, Visakhapatnam-530003 - Organic Chemistry
Gulbarga University, Gulbarga-585106
Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai-400076
Jamia Milia Islamia, New Delhi-110025
Karnatak University, Dharwar-580003
University of Madras, Chennai-600005
University of Mumbai, Mumbai-400032
North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon-580003
Sardar Patel University, Ballabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat-388120. - Pesticide and Agrochemicals
North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon-425001. - Pharmacological Chemistry
Lucknow University, Lucknow-226007 - Physical Chemistry
Gulbarga University
Indian Institute of of Technology, Mumbai-400076
Jamai Milia Islamia, New Delhi-110025
Karnataka University, Dharwar-580003
University of Madras, Chennai-600005
University of Mumbai, Mumbai-400032
North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon-425001
Sardar Patel University, Ballabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat-388120
Shivaji University, Kolhapur-416004. - Polymer Chemistry
University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram-695034
University of Madras, Chennai-600005
North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon-425001
Rani Durgavati Vishwavidyalaya, Jabalpur-482001
Sardar Patel University, Ballabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat-388120. - Rural Industrial Chemistry
Mahatma Gandhi Chitrakoot Gramodaya Vishwavidyalaya, Chitrakoot-485331 Satna. - Sugar Chemistry
Osmania University, Hyderabad-500007. - Textile Chemistry
Alagappa University, Karaikudi-623003
Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar-143005
Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur-342001
M S University of Baroda, Vadodara-390002
No comments:
Post a Comment